Mongolia CO₂ Emissions
Mongolia emitted 45 million tonnes of CO₂ in 2024, 0.12% of the global total. That ranks it 59th of 213 countries and territories and works out at 12.86 tonnes per person.
Data year 2024 · Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) via Our World in Data
How much CO₂ does Mongolia emit?
Mongolia produced 45 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and industry in 2024. The world total was 38.6 billion tonnes, so Mongolia accounts for 0.12% of it.
With a population of about 3.5 million, that is 12.86 tonnes per person, 2.7 times the world average of 4.73 tonnes.
CO₂ emissions in Mongolia since 1990
Annual emissions in Mongolia have risen by 356% since 1990, from 9.8 million tonnes to 45 million tonnes. Over the last ten years, from 2014 to 2024, they have risen by 51%. Emissions peaked in 2019 at 47 million tonnes and are now 5% below that level.
Where the CO₂ comes from
Coal is the largest source of CO₂ in Mongolia, at about 87% of the total, followed by oil at 12% and cement at 1%.
How Mongolia compares with other countries
These are the countries closest to Mongolia in the 2024 ranking by total emissions. See the full ranking of all 213 countries.
| # | Country | Total (Mt) | Share of world | Per person (t) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 57 | Israel | 52.64 | 0.14% | 5.61 |
| 58 | Ecuador | 45.98 | 0.12% | 2.54 |
| 59 | Mongolia | 44.69 | 0.12% | 12.86 |
| 60 | Serbia | 42.02 | 0.11% | 6.24 |
| 61 | Hungary | 40.02 | 0.10% | 4.14 |
Historical emissions
Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for a long time, so past emissions matter as well as current ones. Since records began, Mongolia has emitted about 861 million tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry. That is 0.05% of the cumulative global total, compared with 0.12% of emissions in 2024.
Frequently asked questions
How much CO₂ does Mongolia emit per year?
Mongolia emitted 45 million tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024. That is 0.12% of global emissions.
What are the CO₂ emissions per person in Mongolia?
About 12.86 tonnes of CO₂ per person in 2024, which is 2.7 times the world average of 4.73 tonnes.
Are CO₂ emissions in Mongolia rising or falling?
They have risen by 51% over the last ten years and risen by 356% since 1990. Emissions peaked in 2019 at 47 million tonnes and are now 5% below that level.
What is the largest source of CO₂ in Mongolia?
Coal is the largest source, responsible for about 87% of emissions from fossil fuels and industry, followed by oil at 12%.
About the data. Figures are annual carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels and from industry, such as cement production. They are counted where the emissions happen and do not include land-use change, other greenhouse gases, or emissions from imported goods.
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025), processed by Our World in Data and used under the CC BY 4.0 licence. Latest year available: 2024.
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