Madagascar CO₂ Emissions
Madagascar emitted 4.5 million tonnes of CO₂ in 2024, 0.01% of the global total. That ranks it 140th of 213 countries and territories and works out at 0.14 tonnes per person.
Data year 2024 · Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025) via Our World in Data
How much CO₂ does Madagascar emit?
Madagascar produced 4.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and industry in 2024. The world total was 38.6 billion tonnes, so Madagascar accounts for 0.01% of it.
With a population of about 32 million, that is 0.14 tonnes per person, 97% below the world average of 4.73 tonnes.
CO₂ emissions in Madagascar since 1990
Annual emissions in Madagascar have risen by 380% since 1990, from 944 thousand tonnes to 4.5 million tonnes. Over the last ten years, from 2014 to 2024, they have risen by 52%. 2024 is the highest year on record.
Where the CO₂ comes from
Oil is the largest source of CO₂ in Madagascar, at about 69% of the total, followed by coal at 30% and cement at 1%.
How Madagascar compares with other countries
These are the countries closest to Madagascar in the 2024 ranking by total emissions. See the full ranking of all 213 countries.
| # | Country | Total (Mt) | Share of world | Per person (t) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 138 | Palestine | 4.78 | 0.01% | 0.87 |
| 139 | Mauritius | 4.67 | 0.01% | 3.68 |
| 140 | Madagascar | 4.53 | 0.01% | 0.14 |
| 141 | Guyana | 4.51 | 0.01% | 5.43 |
| 142 | Albania | 4.44 | 0.01% | 1.59 |
Historical emissions
Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for a long time, so past emissions matter as well as current ones. Since records began, Madagascar has emitted about 113 million tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry. That is 0.01% of the cumulative global total, compared with 0.01% of emissions in 2024.
Frequently asked questions
How much CO₂ does Madagascar emit per year?
Madagascar emitted 4.5 million tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024. That is 0.01% of global emissions.
What are the CO₂ emissions per person in Madagascar?
About 0.14 tonnes of CO₂ per person in 2024, which is 97% below the world average of 4.73 tonnes.
Are CO₂ emissions in Madagascar rising or falling?
They have risen by 52% over the last ten years and risen by 380% since 1990. 2024 is the highest year on record.
What is the largest source of CO₂ in Madagascar?
Oil is the largest source, responsible for about 69% of emissions from fossil fuels and industry, followed by coal at 30%.
About the data. Figures are annual carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels and from industry, such as cement production. They are counted where the emissions happen and do not include land-use change, other greenhouse gases, or emissions from imported goods.
Source: Global Carbon Budget (2025), processed by Our World in Data and used under the CC BY 4.0 licence. Latest year available: 2024.
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